english unit (4)

زمن المضارع التام المستمر 1) Present Perfect Continuous Tense



يعبر عن حدث كان مستمراً فتره طويله فى الماضى وما زال مستمراً حتى لحظة الكلام......أو انتهى ولكن له أثر حتى لحظة الكلام.
1- We have been waiting her for 20 minutes.
يمكن أن نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر لنتحدث عن أحداث كانت متكرره فى الماضى وتحدث حتى الأن.
2- Noha has been playing piano since she was 4.
يستخدم للتحدث عن حدث ينتهى فوراً قبل الأن.
3- I've been swimming. That's why my hair is wet.
- You're out of breath. Have you been running?
يستخدم لوصف أشياء حدثت مؤخراً.
4- You have been watching too much T.V recently. This is bad for you.










عند نفى الفعل فى زمن المضارع التام المستمر نضع " not " بعد " has \ have "
- Martha hasn't been feeling well recently.



الكلمات التى تستخدم مع المضارع التام المستمر هى:
حديثاً ( مؤخراً ) recently = lately \ لمدة \ for منذ since لمدة ........ حتى الأن \ for……..now كل all

- We have been playing on computer since 7 o'clock.
- My brother has been staying with me for 3 weeks now.
- What have you been doing lately?
- It has been raining all day.
- The wind has been blowing for two hours now.

لاحظ أن:-
يستخدم المضارع التام المستمرمع الأفعال التى تدل على الاستمرار الزمنى " أى تستغرق وقتاً فى حدوثها " مثل:-
live – rain – wait – study – run – sleep – do – learn – work – stand – sit – stay – read – teach – write – play – ask – answer – lie.
ولا يستخدم مع "know" على سبيل المثال.

مضارع تام أم مضارع تام مستمر؟
1- The mechanic has repaired the car.
2- The mechanic has been repairing the car.

فى الجمله الاولى الحدث مكتمل أما فى الجمله الثانيه الحدث لم يكتمل حتى لحظة الكلام " مستمر "
1) We used Present Perfect to say "how many OR how much we have done something."
- She has written ten letters today.
- How many pages of that book have you read?

2) But we use continuous to say "how long something has been happening."
- She has been writing letters all day.
- How long have you been reading that book?


ما زال 2) Still
تستخدم للتعبير عن حاله موجده حالياً أو حقيقيه:-
- I've been to a clinic but my leg still hurts me.
- She is still at school.

بدون \ noun 3) without + v.ing

- He is very hungry. He eats without stopping.
- Camels can live without water for a long time.



بعض الروابط 4) Some connectives

بالرغم من ( يأتى بعدها noun \ v+ing ( A- Despite = in spite of
- Despite (In spite of) the danger, my little brother wanted to feed the lion.
- My little brother wanted to feed the lion despite (in spite of) the danger.
- Despite feeling tired, he studied hard.
- He studied hard despite feeling tired.

In spite of (despite) OR although OR however:-
- I don't feel better in spite of medicine.
- I don't feel better in spite of taking medicine.
- I don't feel better although I've taken the medicine.
- I've taken the medicine. However, I don't feel better.

أيضاً B- also = too
- My father is a doctor and Tamer's father is a doctor also.

من ناحيه........ومن ناحيه أخرى C- on the one hand……..on the other hand
تستخدم عندما نقارن بين رأيين أو فكرتين مختلفتين:-
- On the one hand, they are very clever, but on the other hand, they are very slow and lazy.

D- In addition \ In addition to ( v + ing \ noun)
بالاضافه الى ذلك / علاوه على ذلك
- She is not intelligent. In addition she doesn't study hard.
- In addition to football, he also plays tennis.
- In addition to working in a factory, he works in a hospital.


تهانينا على ........../ تهانينا ب.........5) Congratulations on + noun \ v+ing

- Congratulations on your success Hany.
- Congratulations on getting the first class this year.







يؤدى إختبار / يمتحن take a test = do a test (1
- He is going to take a test.
اجتاز الامتحان - He passed the test.
رسب فى الامتحان - He failed the test.

اهتمام 2) What is your favorite interest?
- My favorite interest is reading.

3) It's + adj. + n. + to + v.
- It's a good idea to use energy from the sun.
- It's a good idea to go to Alex after tests.


معدات 4) equipment
من الأسماء التى لا تعد ليس لها جمع ( مفرد دائماً )
حديثه - This equipment is up-to-date.

يعمل كأنه فى وظيفه 5) work as ………
يعمل لأجلwork for……………….
- We work for our country.
- She works as an engineer.






1) Responding to being told well and bad news.
الرد على الأخبار الجيده و الأخبار السيئه:-


Responding to bad news Responding to well news
يالها من أخبار سيئه- What bad news.
شئ مؤلم- Oh dear!
أنا شديد الأسف لذلك- I'm very sorry about that.
اوه ، لا انا اسف جداً - Oh no ! I'm so sorry.ً يالها من أخبار عظيمه-What wonderful \ fantastic news.
تهانينا- Congratulations.
أخبار عظيمه- Great news.
حسناً ما فعلت - Well done
ذلك عظيم حقاً- That's really great

1) A: I've just passed the exam.
B: Congratulations on your good results.

2) A: My aunt has broken her arm in a car accident.
B: I'm very sorry about that.