english unit (1)

:- زمن المضارع البسيط 1) The Present Simple Tense

يستخدم للتعبير عن الأشياء التى تحدث كل يوم ( الروتين اليومى ):-
- I get up every morning at 7.
- She comes here every week.
للتعبير عن الحقائق:-
- We live near the station.
للتعبير عن المشاعر و الأفكار:
- I think so.
- I like it.

يتكون من الفعل فى المصدر (بدون اضافات) اذا كان الفاعل:-
أسم جمع I , You , We , They ,
يضاف للفعل ( s \ es ) اذا كان الفاعل:-
اسم مفرد , He , She , It
يضاف للفعل ( es ) اذا كان منتهى ب:-

ss , ch , sh , x , o
go goes wash washes
fix fixes watch watches
miss misses

اذا كان الفعل منتهى بال ( y ) مسبوقه بحرف ساكن نحذف ( ( y ونضيف (ies ):-
hurry hurries carry carries
study studies


ينفى الفعل فى زمن المضارع البسيط بوضع (don't \ doesn't ) قبل الفعل:-
don't go اسم جمع , I , You , We , They
doesn't go اسم مفرد He , She , It ,




يستخدم المضارع البسيبط مع الكلمات الأتيه :-
Sometimes Every
Often Usually
Never Always




:زمن المضارع المستمر 2) The Present Continuous Tense

عندما نقول اننا فى منتصف الحدث أى يحدث الأن أثناء الكلام:-
- I am waiting for a train.
- She is washing her dress.
عندما نقول اننا فى منتصف شئ ما و لكن ليس من الضرورى ان نكون فيه أثناء الكلام:-
- I must get back to the office. We are working on a new project.
- We are busy these days. We are doing a course at university.
للتغبير عن التخطيط للمستقبل أو التعبير عن حدث تم التخطيط له أن يحدث فى المستقبل:-
- I am meeting Hany at six.
- She is coming soon.

يتكون من:-

I am
ing+ فعل + is اسم مفردHe , She , It ,
areاسم جمع , You , We , They
لاحظ الأفعال الاتيه:-
الأفعال المنتهيه ب (e)غالباً ما نحذف ال(e)عند اضافة ال(:(ing-
come coming take taking
ماعدا
see seeing agree agreeing

الأفعال المنتهيه بحرف ساكن قبله متحرك غالباً نضاعف الحرف الأخير عند اضافة(ing):-
put putting cut cutting shut shutting

الأفعال المنتهيه ب(y ) لا يحدث بها أى تغيير عند اضافة (ing):-
carry carrying hurry hurrying
لاحظ أن
die dying tie tying lie lying

هناك أفعال لا تستخدم فى المضارع المستمر الا فى حالات خاصه او تستخدم هذة الافعال فى النضارع البسيط ( الافعال الخاصه بالمشاعر و الافكار):-
want , like , love , understand , mean , see , forget , hear , hate , need believe , remember , prefer , dislike , know , seem , realize.

- I want to leave now.
- We understand the lesson now.





عند نفى المضارع المستمر نضع ( not ) بعد (- : (am \ is \ are
I am not sleeping.-


يستخدم المضارع المستمر مع:-
now look listen
look out at this moment

- Look, Ahmed is coming.
- Look out, there is a lion coming
- Listen, Noha is crying.







1) The girls are play tennis at this moment.
2) My brothers likes sport.
3) Heba wearing her new dress today.
4) My sister is weighting 20 kg.
5) What color you like best?
6) At this moment I stay at home.
7) What is this word mean?
He always catching the same bus every morning.


3) To:-
الى
- I went to club yesterday.
- They travel to Alexandria every summer.


ان / لكى
- I like to play football.
. She wants to be a doctor-
- She must study hard to success.
- Pupils go to school to learn.


لذلك4) That's why …… = so



- My brother wants to be an engineer, that's why \ so he is studying maths.


5) Remember:

A) Some connectives:-
Although = though but however

مع أن ( تعبر عن التناقض ) though =
- Although he is very poor, he is happy.
- He is happy although he is very poor.


ولكن

- The class was crowded, but we found a desk.
- Although the class was crowded, we found a desk.


غير ان / ولكن

- Mona is busy. However, she studies hard.
- Mt brother is very young. However, he plays football.


B) Which – what:-
أى (للاختيار) Which
غالباً ما نستخدم " " Which عندما تكون الاختيارات الممكنه محدوده :-
- Which way do we go here?
- Which finger did you break?


ما What
تستخدم أحياناً للاختيار و لكن عندما تكون الاختيارات الممكنه كثيره:-

- What sport do you play?
- What book do you read?
لاحظ ان أحياناً تتساوى Which \ What:-
- What \ Which day is it today?
- What \ Which train will you catch?



مشغول بعمل شئ ما v. + ing:- + busy C)
- My mother was busy cleaning the house.
- They were busy mending the car.


معلومات D) information:-
مفرد دائماً و لكن لا يسبقها .a \ an
ليس لها جمع و يتبعها فعل فى حالة المفرد " is \ was ".
مثلها مثل الكلمات التى لا تجمع مثل: news \ advice.
من الممكن ان نستخدم معها " . " a piece of
- I have some information about the thieves.
- There are two pieces of information we need to complete the questionnaire.



التحيات Greetings:- ((((1
1 – When you meet someone:-







2 – When you meet someone for the first time:-






3 – When you say goodbye:-




4 – When you want to ask someone about his health:-
كيف حالك 1) A: How are you?
B: I 'm fine thanks. \ Fine. Thanks.
كيف حالك 2) A: How are you feeling?
B: A lot better. Thanks.
هل أنت بصحه جيده؟ 3) A: Are you well?
B: Yes. Thanks.
كيف الحال 4) A: How are things?
B: Very good. Thanks.


5) When you introduce someone:-
A – This is my friend Tamer.
أود ان تقابل صديقى تامر OR : I'd like you to meet my friend Tamer.
(يقولها الشخص الذى تقدمه) تشرفنا B – How do you do?
يسرنى مقابلتك OR : Pleased to meet you.
انه لشئ جميل جداً ان اقابلك OR : Very nice to meet you.
مرحباً OR : Hello.
بعد التعرف على شخص ثم انصرافك تقول له:-
A – It was very nice to meet you.
B - It was very nice to meet you, too.

عند انهاء المحادثه 6) When you end a conversation:-

Bye for now. See you later. Goodbye. Good night. Very nice to meet you.

7) عندما تعرض على قريب أو صديق لك شيئأً ما تقول:-
A – Would you like to have a cup of tea?
OR Do you want to have a cup of tea?
الرفض No, thank you. / الموافقهB – Yes, please.


عند سؤال سائح أو شخص أجنبى عن بلده أو المدينه التى وُلد فيها:-
A – Where do you come from?
OR Where are you from?
B – I come from India.
OR I am from India.